Contoh Proposal Skripsi

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

The Interpersonal and Textual Meaning Analysis of “Surat Cinta untuk ISIS”
The Sistemic Functional Grammar Approach

1. Background of the Study

The recent accident happened in Indonesia, Jakarta terror attack, had been caught attention of many people around the world. The attack which was funded by ISIS (the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria) made a lot of people mad and curses this accident. As the result, there are many kinds of expression used in showing sympathy or even jokes about ISIS. From all of the critics in virtual media, there is one text which is written by Denny Siregar that becomes popular because of his writing. His writing entitled ‘Surat Cinta untuk ISIS’ is a unique critical writing which attach jokes in teasing the object. Therefore, the object of research in this paper will be the writing entitled ‘Surat Cinta untuk ISIS’ by Denny Siregar. Because of the unique in delivering his thought through writing, the writer will focus on analyzing its interpersonal and textual meaning to see the writer’s judgement since it deals with how the message is managed by the writer.

2. Research Questions

The research questions from this research are:

1.         How does the writer manage the writing to attract the reader?

2.         What message does the writer want to deliver?

3. Purpose of the Study

The main purpose of the study is answering the research questions; it is to see the way the writer manages the writing into an attractive text. In order to analyze them, the observer will see the linguistic unit used and the structure in constructing each clause of the text. This study will also observe the message that the writer trying to deliver through his writing, and analyse the writer’s attitudes and judgement.

4. Scope of the Study

In this research, the writer will focus on analyzing the interpersonal and textual meaning of ‘Surat Cinta untuk ISIS’ by Denny Siregar. The writer limits her study only on these two meanings because the writer focuses on observing the way he manage his writing and see his judgement. It is to see the reason why his writing could be popular and attractive.

5. Previous Study

There are some researches related to this topic that become the references for this study. The first is a thesis written by Ita Juita entitled Laporan Hasil Analisis Dari Teks “Suso: My life in LFC's first team”. On her report, she analyzed the text entitled “Suso: My life in LFC's first team” with systemic functional grammar theory. Her analysis was broad because she analyzed through metafunction system which is consist of ideational, interpersonal and textual meaning. This study will not analyze the text broadly, but it will focus on interpersonaal and textual meaning which makes it is analyzed deeply.

The other similar study also has been done by Isidora Wattles and Biljana Radić-Bojanić (2007) on her journal entitled “The Analysis of an Online Debate – The Systemic Functional Grammar Approach”. They analyzed utterances of internet chatroom conversation on the subject of same-sex marriage. They analyzed attitudinal and ideological meanings, as well as experiential, interpersonal and textual meanings.

Compared to the previous studies, this study will also focus on sistemic functional grammar, but it is different in the scope of the study. This study will focus only on interpersonal and textual meaning that will be analyzed deeply each element of it.

6. Underlying Theories

Systemic functional grammar attempt to describe language in actual use and focus on text and their context (Halliday: 1985:6). Systemic functional theory views language as a resource people use to accomplish their purposes by expressing meaning in context. This study labels elements of the clause in terms of the function each is playing in that clause rather than by word class.

“Language seems to have evolved for three major purposes. These are: 1. to talk about what is happening, what will happen and what has happened, 2. to interact and/or to express a point of view, 3) to turn the output of the previous two functions into coherent whole.”
                                                                                                                   (Butt et al, 2003: 5)

According to the statement, there are three principal fuctions of grammar language system. The three functions express experiential (ideational), interpersonal, and textual meaning. The three aspects of context are called by Halliday "field, tenor and mode". Field refers to the topics and actions which language expresses, tenor denotes language users, their relationships and their purposes, and mode describes the channel in which communication takes place, be it speaking, writing or any combination of these two.

6.1. Interpersonal Meaning

“We use language to interact with other people, to establish and maintain relations with them, to influence their behaviour, to express our own viewpoint on things in the world, and to elicit or change theirs.” (Thomson, 2004: 30)

Interpersonal meanings express a speaker’s attitude and judgements for acting upon and with others. This kinds of mening are influenced by tenor of discourse such as, modality, degree of formality, attitudinal lexis, and mood adjuncts. It can be said that interpersonal meanings are dominated by the attitudinal adjustment through the usage of epithets and enriched words, seen with all speakers. Modality is expressed though modal finites of ability, although some meanings of obligation are present, and power relations established on the basis of the usage of vocatives and imperative and interrogative moods.

6.2 Textual Meaning

According to Halliday (1985: 14), textual meanings express the relation of language to its environment including verbal environment, co-text and the non-verbal, situational enviroenment (context). This meanings can be analyzed through pattern of theme and cohesion. The flow of information in a sentence from Theme to Rheme is crucial in achieving communicative effectiveness in a message. The exchange of information between successive Theme and Rheme pairings in a text is called Thematic Progression (Eggins, 1994).

The definition of theme given by Halliday and Matthiensen (2004: 64) is the given information serving as “the point of departure of a message”. In other words, Theme typically contains familiar, old or given information and provides the settings for the remainder of the sentence. According to Gerot and Wignell (1994: 104-108), theme is categorizeded into three types: Ideational or Topical Theme, Textual Theme, and Interpersonal Theme. While rheme is the remainder of the message in a clause which Theme is developed (Halliday and Hasan, 2004: 64-65). Rheme includes what the author wants to tell about the Theme, which should be new and interesting to the reader (according to the writer).

7. Research Method

7.1. Type of Research

In this research, the writer conducts descriptive qualitative approach since the data that will be used are in form of text and the result will be described systematically in text as well. Cresswell (2003: 18) stated that a qualitative approach is one in which the inquirer often makes knowledge claims based primarily on constructivist perspectives or participatory perspectives or both. In this type of research, the researcher will analyze the data which is a text with interpersonal and textual analysis.

7.2. Data and Source

Data consist of linguistic unit and its context. The linguistic unit can be phonemes, morphemes, lexemes words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and meaning. In this research, the data that will be analyzed are clauses from the text writing. The sources of this research will be the writing of Denny Siregar entitled ‘Surat Cinta untuk ISIS’. The writing has been spread on social media, but the original source was from his website http://dennysiregar.com/surat-cinta-untuk-isis.html

7.3. Population, Sample & Sampling Technique

       According to Ary, et al (2009:148), population is all unit of analysis such as class of people, events or objects. In this case, the population is the whole sentences of the writing. On the other hand, sample is the linguistic unit that will be analyzed and it must represent the population. The sample of this research will be all clauses in this text, so the the sample will also be the population.

In order to get the sample, the writer will use purposive sampling technique; it is the technique to get the data by choosing it purposively. The writer chooses this technique because in analyzing the data, the writer is purposely choose writing which is proper to be analyzed with the interpersonl and textual analysis.

7.4. Data Collection Method

The method used in this research is documentation method since the data analyzed are in written form. In order to get the data, the writer first searched the writing in the website then copies it to be analyzed.

7.5. Data Analyzing Method

The method of analyzing data used in this research is distributional method (metode agih). Sudaryanto (1993: 15) stated that distributional method uses the language itself as the instrument. In other words, this study will use distributional method because the instrument of this research is the language itself which is English. The technique used in analyzing the data is segmenting immediate constituents technique. The writer chooses this technique because this technique divides the language elements to get the linguistic form that is needed.

8. Sampe of Analysis

            As the sample of analysis, the researcher will try to make some analysis based on the writing of Denny Siregar. The following are the analysis of textual meaning:

Wahai             kalian kelompok ISIS, teroris, ekstrimis, Jihadis dan semua yang berakhiran is….
particle		topical
interpersonal
	theme

The first sentence of the text, as we see above does not contain rheme but it only mentions theme which consist of interpersonal and topical theme. The interpersonal theme which occurs before topical theme is particle that is used to attract attention. While the topical theme is a nominal group of names. Based on the analysis, the writer did not put the rheme in the first sentence because he emphasized his writing to be delivered to the addressee.