Report of Analyzing the Relation between Word
Formations of cetak and gol in the Sport News
INTRODUCTION
In
this report, the writer focuses on the corpus data analysis of sport news text,
especially the word formations of verbcetaksuch
as mencetak, dicetak, and pencetak. In addition, the writer also
analyzes the relation of these words and the noun golin the sentences. In analyzing the data, the writer uses corpus
analysis software called AntConcwhich is downloaded from internet. By doing
this analysis, hopefully the writer can get the syntactic structure of these
words pattern.
Object
of the Research
The object of the research is taken from the sport
news of online newspaper which the writer gets from our lecturer. The name of
the file is PANL-BPPT-SPO-ID-100Kw.txt of the AntConc Corpus folder, and the
text of this data is in Bahasa Indonesia.
Method
The
type of this research is descriptive qualitative method because it focuses only
on several words and it is analyzed deeply by describing it. The software used
to process the corpus data is corpus analyzer called AntConc. Mainly this
program is used to analyze text to find a certain pattern in language.
To
start using this program, we must upload the data that we want to analyze.
Since the program only can read text file
or txt file, we must first get the
data in txt file by using application
called Notepad. After we get the data
then we can upload it by clicking file
on the menu bar then click open file.
By getting the data uploaded on this software, we can process it as we wants.
There are several main function of this software such as Word List, Concordance,
Concordance Plot, and File View.
Purpose
of the Research
The
purpose of analyzing the data is to get the syntactic structure of the words mencetak, dicetak, pencetak, and its
relation with the noun gol. In
addition, the writer also wants to know which patterns are optional and which
are obligatory of the words.
DISCUSSION
To
get the patterns of the sentences, we can use concordance menu located on the menu bar. This menu is used to show
the list of the sentences which are contained word that we are searching for.
We can search the word we want by entering the word in the searching box which
is located on the bottom, then after clicking start the list of the sentence will appear with the word in
highlight.
In
finding the word variation of cetak,
like mencetak‘to score’, dicetak‘is scored’, and pencetak‘striker’, we can enter *cetak* in the searching box. It will show every
word that contain cetak and the word
variations of it are all in highlight. It will appear as the following picture.
Based
on the result, we only find three variations of cetak; those are mencetak,
dicetak, and pencetak. To see the frequency of each word, we can enter the word
one by one.
Ø Mencetak
For
example we can enter mencetak, and
see how many times it appears. We can see the number of its appearance in Concordance Hits, and it shows that mencetak appear for 238 times. Then we
can see the tendency of each word that usually appears by observing it, and we
can find that these words have closeness with the word “gol”. We can find the
word “gol” usually appears after the word mencetak
or in the other word it appears on the right side of “mencetak”. If we want to
see the relation of “mencetak” and “gol”, we can enter “mencetak * gol”. The
asterisk is used as replacement of one token, so we can add the asterisk till
many times to see some tokens. By inserting the asterisk, we can see what words
appeared between “mencetak” and “gol”.
After the list
of sentences appears, we can write the result and we will find these patterns:
Mencetak 25 gol >Vmencetak Nnumerik Ngol
Mencetakkeduagol >Vmencetak Nordinal number Ngol
Mencetakgol-gol >Vmencetak Nplural
Mencetaksatu-satunyagol >Vmencetak Adjsatu-satunya Ngol
Mencetakbegitubanyakgol >Vmencetak Advbegitu Adjbanyak Ngol
Vmencetak Nnumbers Ngol
The examples of
these patterns are:
Mencetak 25 gol
Mencetak 34 gol
Mencetak 11 gol
The
first pattern is the most frequent one because it appears 25 times. The pattern
of number has two kinds; they are digital number which appears eight times and
alphabetic number which appears for 17 times. The digital number only appears
for the number above 10, maybe because it will be long word if it is written in
alphabet.This pattern becomes favorable because the pattern of number in Bahasa
Indonesia appears before noun, like the word secarikkertas ‘a piece of paper’, sebuahapel ‘an apple’, etc. Its place is like a determiner which
modifier noun in English.
Vmencetak Nordinal number Ngol
This
pattern only appears once in the sentence; it is mencetakkeduagol ‘score the second goal’. The pattern of Indonesian
ordinal number is similar with English which is appears before noun.
Vmencetak Nplural
The
plural of gol which emerges after the
verb mencetak only appears once in
the words mencetakgol-gol‘score
goals’. The pattern just like Verb and Object plural in English, in other word
Bahasa Indonesia has the same pattern with English about direct object.
Vmencetak Adjsatu-satunya Ngol
The
structure has the same pattern with English; that is Adjective precedes Noun. The
adjective function here is modifying noun, or it is MD (MenerangkanDiterangkan). This adjective pattern is not usual in
Bahasa Indonesia because in this language the structure mostly are DM (DiterangkanMenerangkan), such as pesawatterbang ‘plane’, wanitacantik‘beautiful girl’. The
difference may be caused by the kind of adjecive, for example the pure
adjective like cantik‘pretty’, kaya ‘rich’, muda‘young’, etc. appear after the noun; the formed adjective
like terpandai‘smartest’, termurah ‘cheapest’, etc. also appear
after the noun; however the reduplication adjective like secantik-cantiknya, setinggi-tingginya,etc. appears before the
noun. Therefore, this pattern is not very common, and it only appears twice in
the words mencetaksatu-satunyagol
‘score the only goal’.
Vmencetak Advbegitu Adjbanyak Ngol
This
pattern is also similar with English structure that there is adverb and
adjective that modifier noun. It appears
once which mean this structure is not very common in Bahasa Indonesia although
it’s common in English.
Ø Pencetak
To see the
tendency of pencetak and gol, we can do the same way as the
previous one. In concordance menu, if we enter the word pencetak ‘striker’, it
appears 12 times with the pattern NpencetakNgolappears 11 times, and the rest is pencetakangka. Therefore, we can
conclude that the nounpencetak is a noun
adjunct which need noun object likegol
directly. In other words, the compound noun is following the formula of Diterangkan-Menerangkan ‘Noun-Modifier’.
In this case, pencetakis the head and
gol is the modifier.
Ø Dicetak
The tendency of
the structure is the word gol appears
before the word dicetak, or it
appears on the left side of dicetak.
Therefore we can input the formula “gol * dicetak”, but since the asterisk show
the number of tokens, we need to input many asterisk between these words. The
word dicetak only appears four times
as the following patterns:
14 golyangdicetak
goltunggalyangdicetak
gol di babakpertamayangdicetak
gol
yang menyamakanangkayangdicetak
If
we pay attention on the patterns, we can find the word yang appears before dicetak.
So the word yang is a modifier of gol which explain the adjective dicetak, which is why it appears before dicetak.
The
words after the noun gol is complement
which explains or give further information about the gol, including the word dicetak
is actually a modifier. For example in the words goltunggal yang dicetak ‘the single goal which is scored’, basically
it is a noun phrase with the noun gol
as the head. The pattern uses Indonesian structure which is DM ‘Noun-Adjective’
with long adjective. In English, it’s like pattern of AOSASCOMN, like ‘a lovely
little old village’.
CONCLUSION
As
purpose which the writer explained, this paper is made to get the ideas which
are the obligatory patterns and which are optional patterns of the word
formations of cetakand gol. Based on the analysis
above, we can conclude that the verb mencetak
has obligatory patterns: V (mencetak)
+ N (gol). However, people can insert some kinds of
words between these tokens which finally it becomes optional patterns. They are
V + ordinal number + N, V + cardinal number + N, V + adjective + N, and V + adverb + adjective +N.
The
obligatory pattern of the noun pencetak
and noun gol is N (pencetak) + N (gol/ angka). This structure is called compound noun which a noun
functioning as modifier of another noun. Since Bahasa Indonesia uses DM
structure, the first word is the head of the phrase. There is no sample of
optional patterns of pencetakand gol in this data.
In
the passive verb dicetak,the main
obligatory pattern is N (gol) + Determiner
(yang) + passive verb (dicetak). However, we can insert
additional words between these words which create optional patterns, such as N
+ Adjective + Determiner + Passive Verb, N + Determiner + Verb + Noun +
Determiner + Passive Verb, or N + Prepositional Phrase + Determiner + Passive
Verb. The functions of the inserted words are as the additional information or
adjective that modifier the noun head gol.
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